TOYANOV GORODOK
Since 2015, the staff of the Laboratory has been conducting field studies of the settlement "Toyanov Gorodok". According to historical, archaeological and cartographic sources, this settlement correlates with the winter headquarters of the Eushta prince Toyan. It is well known that it was Prince Toyan who in 1603 went to Moscow with a petition, after which a new Russian city, Tomsk, arose opposite his town across the Tom River. Despite all the importance, the rate of Prince Toyan during the XIX-XX centuries. was not subjected to archaeological research, but on the contrary - it was built up with modern buildings and fell into oblivion. Officially, the settlement was considered completely destroyed, and only within the framework of the RFBR scientific project did we prove that the settlement still survived under a layer of garbage. Moreover, the excavations carried out in 2018 proved for the first time that not only the remains of a rich cultural layer, but also medieval buildings were preserved. In addition, during the 2019 field work carried out on the island, the summer yurts of the Tatars of Toyanovo Gorodok were localized and bright archaeological finds were obtained.
Copper rings of Toyanov town.
Many items from the 17th century were found in the cultural layer of winter and summer yurts. (more than 1500 finds), shedding light on many questions about how the Eushta Tatars lived and what they did.
An interesting find was the iron core. It was intended for small-caliber guns, most likely, regimental (manual) squeakers, which were used in battle by servicemen. The caliber of the cannonball corresponds to 1/6 hryvnia and is known from the inventory of 1582. The found shell is an important additional argument that Toyan's headquarters was located exactly at this place, where service Tatars repelled the raids of the Kirghiz and Teleuts using artillery.
In addition to the core, beads, copper rings, coins, and even an imitation-forgery of the Nuremberg counting token, made at the beginning of the 17th century, were found in the excavations. The resulting collection also includes fragments of copper cauldrons, part of armored armor, tools (knives, needles, whetstones), costume elements and, of course, numerous fragments of ceramic dishes.
A series of radiocarbon dates, coupled with archaeological and historical data, showed that Toyanov town existed from the middle of the 15th century. until the middle of the 18th century, being the largest settlement of its era in the entire Ob region.
Numismatic material of Toyanovo Gorodok.
Finds at the Enekovo settlement (summer Eushta yurts).
1, 4-5, 8-10 – finds of 2019; 2-3, 6-7 - finds of 2002.
1 - a fragment of an iron plate from an armor, 2 - a fragment of an iron bit, 3 - an iron key, 4-5 - iron needles, 6 - a clay whorl, 7 - a stone whetstone, 8 - a silver kopeck of Alexei Mikhailovich, 9-10 - rims of ceramic vessels .
Ceramic vessels from the furnace located in the central part of the dwelling. Excavations at Toyanovo Gorodok, 2018
Articles of the staff of the Artifact Laboratory devoted to the study of Toyanov town: